Introduction:
Identity is defined by the Merriam-Webster’s dictionary as “sameness in all that constitutes the objective reality of a thing”. Identity is essentially the way in which an individual or a group of people define himself, herself, or themselves. In the case of a university, identity can refer to the traditions, programs, beliefs, demographics, and sometimes even physical structures or other businesses or organizations on or near the university’s campus. In this case, identity does not only work to define the university in the minds of its students and others, but also serve to distinguish between the university and another university with different customs and practices. While few would argue that the Northeastern University of 2015 has no uniform campus-wide identity, there was a time when NU did lack the traditions and quirks that make it unique in the world of Boston-area colleges and universities today.
Northeastern University is relatively young as far as Boston-area colleges and universities go. Harvard was founded in 1636, BU in 1839, and BC in 1863. In comparison, NU was only incorporated as a college by the Massachusetts Legislature in the year 1916. So NU had to develop as a university while surrounded by other institutions that had a significant head start in developing an identity for themselves. This struggle is palpable within the various publications of the Cauldron, Northeastern’s yearbook. The first Cauldron was published in 1917, then because of World War Two, publication ceased until 1922, when it was published for a second time. Since 1922, a new edition of the Cauldron has been released every year. Though they vary, typically each volume includes a message from the president, a history of Northeastern, and a section dedicated to stories and pictures of the sports, clubs, and Greek groups that exist on campus. They also tend to contain copious amounts of pictures and cartoons. Sometimes they also have a message from the class president or a section dedicated to jokes.
While many aspects of the Cauldron have remained largely the same since 1922, there have been many stylistic trends within the yearbook that have come and gone. In fact, to refer back to the first paragraph of this paper, these stylistic trends in the Cauldron can be matched with four distinct phases in which Northeastern University developed its identity. The first happened between the years 1917 and 1940. In these years the focus of the yearbook was heavily geared towards the formation of customs at Northeastern. The Cauldron focused on sports, rush days, smokers, dances, and the Northeastern mascot and colors. The second phase of identity development occurred between 1940 and 1970. These years were defined by the university’s physical expansion and the construction of Northeastern’s campus. The third of the four phases occurred between 1970 and continued into the 1990s.
Formation 1917-1940:
The first few classes at Northeastern were very interested in defining what it meant to be a Northeastern student. The yearbooks from these years were full of exciting accounts of sports games, dances, smokers, and other class-wide activities. For example, the Cauldron of 1925 notes that “Northeastern University observed the 14th annual field day celebration at Riverside on June 7, 1924. 1500 undergraduates, alumni, faculty, and guests were present.”(Cauldron, 1925) Another celebration was called Freshmen-Sophomore Rush Day, where the freshmen and sophomores went to the muddy river and competed in relay races, tug-of-war challenges, and other sporting events. On Thursday, May 15 of 1924 the Boston “Pops” held a Northeastern Night for students to go and enjoy the music. The class of 1925 had a senior dance where the draperies were colored the “royal red and black of Northeastern.”(Cauldron, 1925) The Cauldron of 1935 gives an account of the school’s husky going missing, and eventually being retrieved “after a week of broadcasting, searching, and reward-offering.”(Cauldron, 1935) Various Northeastern terminologies were also coined in this part of the school’s history. The 1935 publication recounts, “with the coming of the fall of 1932, the class of 1935 filled out the innumerable registration cards and wondered: ‘what are we going to be called this year? Intermediates? Middlemen? Middlers?’ And Middlers, among other things, they were called.”(Cauldron, 1935) Surely, and somewhat obviously, I suppose, the groundwork to Northeastern’s identity was formed in these first few years.
The Cauldron was first published in 1917. In that year, class president Edgar Curtis said in his message to the class, “the original class is a most appropriate name given us, for many new ideas have been originated in our last year. Other classes may accomplish more, but none will desire more strongly a bright, successful future for our Alma Mater than will the Class of 1917.” (Cauldron, 1917) This quote sums up what really surprised me about the early publications of the Cauldron. I expected them to be almost like history textbooks, overflowing with facts and figures with few illustrations. I was very wrong. Not only were these yearbooks often full of sketches, drawings, and the occasional black and white photographs, but they were also often very humorous and light hearted. They had a section dedicated solely to jokes, funny comic strips, and an “Academic? Calendar”. Even though all the students were commuters and the university only had one building, the students still made a special effort to have fun and make good memories for themselves.
Expansion 1940-1969:
The 1940s, 50s, and 60s in Northeastern’s history were marked by rapidly changing physical and social environments within the university. First and foremost, the Cauldron of 1948 exclaims, “The inevitable has happened! On May 3, 1943, for the first time in the history of Northeastern, women were admitted into the day colleges.”(Cauldron, 1948) The admittance of women marked a big change in the identity of Northeastern which had previously admitted only men. Furthermore, the university was rapidly expanding. The university built many new buildings, including all the buildings in what is now called the “Krentzman Quad”. Not only did the campus grow, enrollment grew as well. Each new class seemed to be bigger than the last. In the 1965 publication, the author of the section dedicated to the class history writes, “We were beginning the year of growth. We were no longer the biggest, smartest, and richest freshmen class, the new freshmen class was, but we did not mind because we were upperclassmen.”(Cauldron, 1965) Amidst all this growth, a new competitive, expansionist attitude grew among the students and faculty at Northeastern. In his message to the class of 1951, President Ell writes, “Your class has seen the end of an era – when Northeastern was striving for a place in the sun.”(Cauldron, 1951) Later in the 1961 Cauldron, the author of the section devoted to the school’s history writes, “Northeastern…an educational giant flexing its muscles and surging ahead into the unknown…a powerhouse of progress that was too big for its cradle at its conception, too predestined to stand still.”(Cauldron, 1961) These years marked Northeastern’s switch from being satisfied with having distinct traditions to desiring a stronger physical presence for itself in Boston.
These yearbooks surprised me for a number of reasons. First, the 50s and 60s are notorious in Boston’s history for being the years when the city partook in extensive “urban renewal” projects, bulldozing entire neighborhoods to the ground. Therefore, I found it surprising that Northeastern was constructing many new buildings rather than tearing buildings down. I was also surprised by the intense sense of competition that existed in Northeastern during these years. The earlier yearbooks hardly mentioned the other colleges in Boston, let alone referred to themselves as “striving for a place in the sun”, as President Ell put it in 1951. Northeastern seemed to develop its own variation of manifest destiny during these years. The students’ take on the introduction of coeds at Northeastern was also fascinating. The class of 1948 seemed almost worried that the women were going to be able to outvote the men in class elections, and maybe even more surprisingly, a woman, Majorie Lundfelt, was elected vice president of the freshmen class in 1943. Certainly the years during and following World War Two led to stark changes in the way that Northeastern students and faculty saw the University.
Perception 1969-1990:
As the counterculture reared its head across the United States, Northeastern, once again, underwent a drastic change. It stopped being concerned primarily about its size and status as a university. In fact, in the 1975 edition of the Cauldron, the author notes “the community was not against fraternities, it just objected to the uncontrolled expansion of Northeastern.”(Cauldron, 1975) This sentiment goes entirely against the expansionist culture of Northeastern in the 1950s. Northeastern in the 1970s was very aware and sensitive about its place in the community, and about how its neighbors saw it. This shift to outward perception of Northeastern’s place in the community and in the country as a whole started in 1969. The yearbook from this year was stylistically different from all its predecessors. Instead of having the usual history of NU and the class, each page of the first half of the book had about five or fewer photographs and a small poem. Further on in the yearbook it does describe certain events from the year, but rather than focus on the growth of the university, it instead focuses on the protests that students attended. For example the 1969 Cauldron recounts “then in April students from Northeastern packed off to Washington to be involved with a protest, THE protest, of the war in Vietnam. Pretty soon, everyone was marching.”(Cauldron, 1969) The 1971 Cauldron was hay-wire. Practically the entire yearbook was made of clippings of articles about protests, sex, race, religion, etc. It had sections dedicated to individual stories. One such story touched on the growing black presence at Northeastern and how the Civil Rights movement had affected it. This style of having the Cauldron covered in news stories continued into the 80s, where news about the Regan administration and other political developments.
Given the social changes happening around the country at this time, it’s not surprising that the culture of Northeastern changed in accordance with the changes in America as a whole. What is surprising, perhaps, is the swiftness with which this change hit Northeastern. The jump from the 1961 to the 1971 editions of the Cauldron is the most dramatic stylistic jump within a decade that the Cauldron has ever seen. In the early 1960s the Cauldron only really talked about fraternities, sports teams, and construction projects. Then by the early 1970s birth control, racism, and politics were the main focuses of the yearbook. This shows a shift in the attitudes of Northeastern’s students. For the first time in the university’s history, finding a place for the university in the nation’s political and social spheres was their chief goal. This added to the growing definition of what it meant to be a Northeastern student. This added to Northeastern’s ever changing identity.
Identity and Pride 1990-2011:
The class of 1990 was the first class where the majority of graduates lived on campus rather than commuting. So I was expecting this to have a significant impact on the way Northeastern portrayed itself in the yearbook. It surprisingly did not. In fact there was still a good section of the yearbook dedicated to depicting the life of a commuting student. I suppose some habits die hard. It wasn’t until 2003 that a change became noticeable. In that year, a student by the name of Jeff Riley started a section in the yearbook entitled “you know you’re from Northeastern when..” This section contained a long list of activities that true Northeastern graduates have taken part in, from Riley’s perspective at least. A few phrases included “you claim to have helped Sean Fanning invent Napster”, “You’ve said ‘Cappy’s or BHOP?’ after a hockey game”, and “you consider anything past the Museum of Fine Arts to be far too outbound”.(Cauldron, 2005) In later editions of the Cauldron, this section was replaced by modifications such as “top 11 ways to know you are a husky” and “top 11 reasons to be a husky”. These sections demonstrate the most recent development in Northeastern’s identity crisis. The students of the 21st century are no longer primarily concerned with defining what it means to be a Northeastern student, glorifying in the expansion of the university, or reciting news articles and protesting. Rather the primary focus of the modern Northeastern student, according to the yearbook, is to celebrate what Northeastern is. In 2005, President Freeland wrote in his message to the class, “I hope, too, that you will keep a place in your heart for Northeastern. You have earned a permanent place among us.”(Cauldron, 2005) Northeastern has lost many of its old insecurities, and Northeastern students have a more concrete idea of what it means to be a Northeastern student than students here ever have before.
Conclusion:
Before writing this paper, I had never done archival work. When this paper was assigned, I had nowhere to start. I decided to look at the yearbooks, because my grandfather had graduated sometime in the 50s. While I didn’t end up finding his name in any of the yearbooks I looked at, I did find reading through the yearbooks to be a fun and informative undertaking. It was nice to hear what earlier classes had to say about the university when they were students, and it was fun to see what things have changed at the school over the years and what has remained the same.
When Northeastern separated itself from the YMCA, it was in essence a blank slate. The first few classes did what they could to bestow an institutional identity on Northeastern. They named a mascot, school colors, and they established various events and celebrations that they hoped would continue into the future. They established a yearbook. The classes following World War Two saw the size of the university explode. Women were admitted into those classes for the first time in the university’s history. They gained a spot in the sun. Following the 1960s, the school turned its gaze outward. The Northeastern students participated in protests, and wrote about social injustice. They became more engaged with the community than ever before. The year 1990 marked the schools transition from a commuter school to a school with copious amounts of on campus housing. In the 2000s students began to firmly define what it meant to be a husky. All these changes are steps on the ladder that Northeastern has used to create an identity for itself.
Works Cited:
The Cauldron, 1917, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1917)
The Cauldron, 1922, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1922)
The Cauldron, 1925, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1925)
The Cauldron, 1935, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1935)
The Cauldron, 1948, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1948)
The Cauldron, 1951, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1951)
The Cauldron, 1965, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1965)
The Cauldron, 1969, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1969)
The Cauldron, 1975, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1975)
The Cauldron, 1985, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 1985)
The Cauldron, 2005, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 2005)
The Cauldron, 2011, Northeastern University Yearbooks, University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, Cauldron, (Volume 2011)
Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2015.
“Northeastern University: A Leader in Global Experiential Learning in Boston, MA.”Northeastern University: A Leader in Global Experiential Learning in Boston, MA. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.